Qstamp / QTax
QTax

无法被悄然改写的税务记录。

QTax 是 Qstamp 系列 QGov 分支中的税务完整性工具。它在每份申报表、发票、核定和退税发生之时即予以封存,使税务机关及其审计人员和法院能够证明没有任何记录被篡改、倒签日期或捏造,而纳税人数据从不离开税务机关。

Live flow

How QTax runs inside a tax administration.

Each step lights in turn as a record moves through it. Steps inside your systems never send content out. Only the anchor reaches the Quantova network, and only chain facts are public on QVMScan.

Live flowQTax, from tax intake to the explorer
  1. Your systemsTax intake systemA return arrives and is fingerprinted on receipt
  2. Your systemsFilingSigned with ML DSA under the intake key and linked to any amended filing
  3. Your systemsAssessmentSealed by a separate assessor key against the filing
  4. Your systemsRefund chainPaid by an officer key with its position and running total
  5. Quantova networkAnchorOne salted 32 byte commitment per batch, sent under record kind 1101 in a transaction signed with ML DSA 65
  6. PublicQVMScanFinal in about 0.2 seconds and indexed on the explorer under QTax, with no record content
  7. PublicAuditor or courtVerifies the whole chain without the systems of the authority
Inside your systemsQuantova networkPublic and verifiable
面临的挑战

税务欺诈存在于事后被更改的记录之中。

虚开发票

从未开具的发票被用于申报进项税额抵扣和退税,这是大规模增值税欺诈背后的惯用手法。

被篡改的核定

税务核定或罚款在作出决定后被调减,而该变更隐藏在作出核定的系统的记录之中。

缺乏依据的退税

在没有有效核定作为依据的情况下发放的退税,或被重复发放的退税,事后难以追查。

QTax 框架

六个阶段,逐一封存并相互关联。

第 1 阶段 · 登记

纳税人与系统密钥

每个税务机构、每个经认证的开票系统和每位获授权的官员,都在一份写明其可申报、核定或审批事项的授权委托之下获得密钥。

第 2 阶段 · 申报

申报表在接收时即被封存

每份申报表和每项更正申报在接收时即计算指纹,并与其前一版本相关联,因此任何事后修改或倒签日期的更正申报都始终可见。

第 3 阶段 · 开票

发票在开具时即被封存

经认证的开票系统在开具每张电子发票时即予以封存。税务机关可以确认买方申报抵扣的发票与卖方开具并报送的发票是同一张发票,从而揭露从未存在的发票。

第 4 阶段 · 核定

由核定官员签署的决定

每项核定、调整和罚款均由获授权作出该决定的官员签署,并与其所涉及的申报一并封存。

第 5 阶段 · 退税

每笔退税均关联其核定

退税只有在存在可作为其依据的已封存核定时方可发放,且付款本身也被封存,因此缺乏依据的退税将被发现。

第 6 阶段 · 审计

独立审查

审计人员和裁判机构可核验案件从申报到退税的完整链条,无需访问税务机关的系统,也无需信任这些系统。

纳税人隐私

记录的完整性,纳税人的保密性。

申报表、发票和纳税人身份始终保存在税务机关和经认证开票系统的系统之内。只有加盐指纹被锚定,因此任何公开内容都无法与纳税人相关联,也无法用于验证对某份申报内容的猜测。QTax 支持向实时数字发票报告过渡,例如欧洲联盟的 VAT in the Digital Age 一揽子方案,且不增加任何纳税人数据的公开披露。

状态

Released, ready to pilot.

QTax 0.1.0 is published on npm as @quantovainc/qtax and on GitHub, after four rounds of security review and live testing on the Quantova network, where its anchors are indexed on QVMScan under record kind 1101. Tax authorities can integrate it today alongside the live Qstamp, QSign, QMandate and QLog SDKs. QTax proves that tax records are unchanged since they were sealed, who sealed them and when. It does not itself decide whether a return or a refund is lawful, which remains the work of the authority and the courts. The current releases anchor on the Quantova test network ahead of production use.